The question of whether a particular scheme of works constitutes exempted development under the Planning and Development Act depends on the outcome of AA Appropriate Assessment
Cockle Shell Case
The key issue is whether the works will deliberately destroy habitat for protected birds.
https://www.era-comm.eu/EU_Nature_Protection_Legislation_Species_Protection/part_1/part_1_5.html
Environmental impact assessment of projects – Publications Office of the EU (europa.eu)
https://environment.ec.europa.eu/topics/nature-and-biodiversity_en