AIE Refusal: DAFM Register of Controlled Finishing Units (Feedlots), and related bTB outbreaks in 2024

AIE.24.004

Context:

What is a Controlled Finishing Unit?

As part of Ireland’s Bovine Tuberculosis (TB) eradication programme, if a beef finishing herd meets the necessary criteria, it is allowed to avail of a special status, known as a Controlled Finishing Unit (CFU).

A CFU herd is a specialised finisher of beef that does not deliberately engage in the active breeding of animals. It is a non-breeding herd which disposes of all cattle on the holding direct for slaughter and poses a minimal risk of infecting cattle on adjacent holdings.

To be considered eligible for CFU status, the holding must fulfill at least one of the following three criteria:

The cattle are permanently housed (never on pasture) or;
There are no contiguous holdings with cattle or;
The boundaries are walled, double fenced or equivalent so as to prevent any direct contact with cattle on contiguous holdings.

When a herd meets the criteria to be regarded as a CFU under the bovine TB Eradication Programme, the herd is restricted under the TB Regulations and a special official supervisory and testing protocol is established.

Such herds are not exempt from testing, reactor removal or disinfection requirements. Restricted CFU herds (feedlots) are TB tested at least once a year.

According to DAFM, the CFU status arrangement allows the delivery of an effective level of disease risk management while controlling the risk of further disease spread in compliance with animal health legislation, and enabling business continuity in this particular type of enterprise through the inward movement of cattle.

Cattle from CFU herds (feedlots) restricted under the TB Eradication programme are only permitted to move to an EU approved slaughter plant and may not be exported.

New figures obtained by Agriland from the Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine (DAFM) show that as of November 2022, there are currently 374 Controlled Finishing Units (CFUs) or ‘feedlots’ in Ireland.

DAFM data also indicated that as of November 3, 2022, there were approximately 121,000 animals in CFUs. It can be therefore estimated that the average CFU has a herd size of 324 cattle.

The data comes as DAFM figures indicate that in the first nine months of this year, 308,500 cattle from CFUs were slaughtered at EU approved plants.

https://www.agriland.ie/farming-news/number-of-feedlots-in-ireland-and-average-cfu-herd-size

Locations

https://www.agriland.ie/farming-news/revealed-factory-feedlot-contribution-to-irish-beef-kill

Factory Feedlots

https://www.agriland.ie/farming-news/no-plans-to-establish-legal-definition-of-a-feedlot-herd-minister

https://www.agriland.ie/farming-news/call-for-comprehensive-analysis-of-impacts-of-factory-owned-feedlots-in-the-market

https://www.agriland.ie/farming-news/feedlot-operations-undermine-origin-green-beef-plan-movement

https://www.agriland.ie/farming-news/tb-663-restricted-herds-contiguous-to-a-controlled-finishing-unit-in-2024-td

https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/question/2025-03-04/575/?highlight%5B0%5D=controlled&highlight%5B1%5D=finishing&highlight%5B2%5D=unit#pq-answers-574_575

Kill Numbers at EU Approved Slaughter Plants Originating in Controlled Finishing Units

https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/question/2023-12-06/138/speech/503

https://assets.gov.ie/298954/18c1f9d5-1d86-4a40-af2b-6ca6f6698e8a.xlsx

How many controlled finishing units or feedlots in the State are accredited under the Bord Bia sustainable beef and lamb assurance scheme?

https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/question/2023-12-06/140/question/140

Deputy Matt Carthy asked the Minister for Agriculture, Food and the Marine if he will commission a social, economic and environmental impact assessment of factory-controlled feedlots.

https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/question/2023-03-09/77/question/77

Tender: Provision of Auxillary Services for TB Eradication Programmes of the DAFM

12/11/21

Number of tenders received: 1

Awarded supplier:

National Co-Op Farm Relief Services , organisation no: 4607731J

Value excluding VAT: 16000000.00 EUR

Tender: suitably trained and skilled operatives to assist in delivery of the badger capture and inspections programme, badger activity scoring and new sett survey

Term for a period or periods of up to twelve (12) months with a maximum of two (2) such extension or extensions

Approximately one hundred and twenty (120) operatives are required

The duties will include the laying and removal of restraints, checking on restraints and the removal, culling and transportation of badgers

The duties will include the laying of restraints, checking restraints, assisting the Contracting Authority’s official in the course of the vaccination, removing restraints including travel costs.

Related duties, including assistance for surveying and setts classification)

The Bovine Tuberculosis (TB) eradication programme, implemented by the Department of Agriculture Food and the Marine (DAFM), contains a comprehensive wildlife strategy in order to limit the spread of TB from badgers to cattle.
The badger is a protected species under the Wildlife Act. Where there has been a TB breakdown, and badgers are identified as the cause, the badgers are captured in restraints and humanely culled and removed, under licence from the National Parks and Wildlife Service. In addition, badgers are captured in specific vaccination zones, scanned and either released or presented for vaccination.
It is important to stress that capturing and removal is undertaken only in areas where serious outbreaks of TB have been identified in cattle herds and where an epidemiological investigation carried out by the Department’s veterinary inspectorate has found that badgers are the likely source of infection. The Department is very conscious of the welfare of badgers and any removal of badgers is carried out in accordance with the licence.

Tenders are sought for the Provision of suitably trained and skilled operatives to assist in delivery of the badger capture and inspections programme, badger activity scoring and new sett survey for the TB Eradication Programme of DAFM.
A detailed description of each of the services provided by the current service provider is set out in the ‘Overview of Services to be Provided’, and the Contracting Authority requires tenderers to describe how they will deliver the services required to achieve the objectives described in this RFT.
Services are generally required between September and June but may be required throughout the whole year.
Approximately one hundred and twenty (120) operatives are required by the Contracting Authority to perform all the duties described for badger capture and inspection; and for surveying and sett classification as described below.
Should there be any changes in the proposed funding, DAFM reserve the right to purchase additional services and also reserve the right to alter their requirements in line with the availability of funding.

The service provider provides the following:

(a) The setting of restraints for the capture of badgers at badger sett locations/paths/passes identified by and under the direction of the Contracting Authority for a defined work-cycle; 

(b) The inspection of the restraints before 1.00pm each day of the relevant cycle, unless otherwise directed by the Contracting Authority;

(c) The humane dispatch of the badger including culling, tagging, recording, packaging and delivery to an agreed location;

(d) The humane capture and presentation for vaccination;

(e) The humane release of vaccinated badgers;

(f) The humane capture and removal or release of any other species captured as directed by the Contracting Authority;

(g) The taking up of restraints, under the direction of the Contracting Authority;

(h) The surveying/sett classification.

This service is provided throughout the country and can take place in all Counties simultaneously. However, tenderers should note that in this regard the area of agricultural land “under capture” (i.e. relevant to the service required) varies from County to County.

  • The tenderer must have manpower levels available to:
  • deploy operators each year from September to June for the term of the contract,
  • to capture between 5,000 and 15,000 (estimated) badgers per annum, and have the flexibility to deal with seasonal variations and locations. 

Experience indicates that generally between 70 – 150 restraints can be laid at 8 – 12 active setts on day 1

The successful tenderer’s operative who laid the restraints will check the restraints s/he placed at least once every 24 hours (on or before 1pm on each of the days of the working cycle) or as directed by the Contracting Authority’s personnel.

Experience shows the time required to  check restraints by one operative could take up to 4 hours per day

https://irl.eu-supply.com/app/rfq/publicpurchase_docs.asp?PID=202034&LID=229806&AllowPrint=1

Bovine TB Eradication Programme: wildlife control programme

The wildlife control aspect of the eradication programme incurred a cost of €7.7 million in 2023, up 20% on 2022, when around €6.4 million was spent in this area.

The programme includes a badger culling programme where they are implicated in a disease breakdown

The 2019 Programme for Government included a commitment to extend the badger vaccination programme nationwide and end badger culling as soon as possible, consistent with the best scientific and veterinary advice.

A new Irish bovine tuberculosis (bTB) eradication strategy was launched in 2021. Large scale vaccination of badgers has been rolled out under the new strategy, with over 20,000 km2 covered by the vaccination programme and 6,586 badgers captured in vaccination areas in 2021.

By 2021, over 20,000 km2 in Ireland was designated a badger vaccination area; this is more than half of the total area on which the DAFM wildlife unit operates. In these areas, vaccination is the default, although culling may still be carried out where required for epidemiological reasons. In 2021, the DAFM wildlife unit captured 6,586 badgers in vaccination areas, of which 3,958 were then vaccinated (badgers captured which are found to have been previously vaccinated are not re-vaccinated), and captured 5,868 in culling areas

Areas where badger vaccination was carried out in Ireland in 2021. Yellow areas are where culling is carried out; green areas are where vaccination is carried out. A tile is an area of 2 km by 3 km which is the operational management unit for badger culling and vaccination in Ireland

Related docs

https://www.gov.ie/en/collection/5b92a-bovine-tb/#tb-forum

TB Forum meetings

https://www.gov.ie/en/collection/d3baf-tb-forum

DAFM, Deer Management and TB results from hunter sample submissions since 2021

AIE Request:

– list of current DAFM deer management programmes in Ireland in relation to TB
– any summary reports from current/recent DAFM deer management programmes (2021 to date)
– any testing reports or statistics on TB infection from deer carcasses for 2021- to date

In respect of your request for information please see attached and detail below.

List of current DAFM deer management programmes in Ireland in relation to TB.

  DAFM are not carrying out a deer management programme in relation to TB in Ireland. There is limited evidence to suggest that deer play a significant role in the spread of TB to bovines, and based on the evidence to date, this has been confined to one part of the country. However, DAFM is keen that any suspicions of deer being involved in TB outbreaks is investigated.  In this context, where there is a suspicion deer have contributed to a significant TB outbreak DAFM encourages the farmers to work with local hunters to investigated any such suspicions. In such circumstances, the hunters and farmers are encouraged  to have samples submitted from slain deer to their local RVL. All submissions are tested free of charge. In addition to this deer stalkers can also submit samples from deer they have shot in any part of the ROI. These submissions are also tested free of charge.  

Any summary reports from current/recent DAFM deer management programmes (2021 to date)

There are no reports on this as DAFM are not responsible for the management of deer in Ireland. The NPWS are responsible for the management of deer in Ireland

Any testing reports or statistics on TB infection from deer carcasses for 2021- to date

From January 2021 to the time of writing there have been 237 samples submitted from deer to the RVLs. Of these submissions, 37 had a positive test result for M.Bovis.